MICROGLIA: THE BRAIN’S IMMUNE CARETAKERS When the Brain’s Maintenance System Changes PrioritiesWhen microglia enter a sustained inflammatory or otherwise dysregulated state, their function can shift away from the balanced surveillance, maintenance and remodelling that normally support the neural environment. This does not mean that they simply stop working; rather, the signals governing their work may…
THE SIGNAL AND THE SILENCE The Signal and the Silence was written during the first phase of our investigation into the relationship between the microbiome, immune regulation and neurological function. It contains hypotheses and interpretations that have since evolved, but it also records the questions and connections that drove the work forward.This article is a…
THE CHOLINE PATHWAY There was a moment early in our work when the investigation took an unexpected turn.We had started with the microbiome—not the fashionable version filled with lists of “good” and “bad” bacteria, but the living ecosystem itself: what organisms were doing, what they were consuming, what they were producing, what the intestinal lining…
NICOTINE AND THE CHOLINE TRUTH There is something deeply uncomfortable about nicotine.Not because it is mysterious. Quite the opposite. We know an enormous amount about it. We know that it is addictive. We know that smoking tobacco is extraordinarily harmful. We know that combustion produces a toxic chemical mixture responsible for much of the disease…
